Identification of Heat Tolerance Linked Molecular Markers of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.ssp. pekinensis)

Genetically stable population of recombination inbred line (RIL) was derived from a cross between a heat tolerant line 177 and a heat sensitive line 276 of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis ) by single seed descent. The RILs were analyzed using isozyme, RAPD and AFLP techniques in order to find molecular markers that are linked to heat tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTL). The results of variance analysis of single factor indicated that there were 9 molecular markers closely linked with heat tolerance QTL, including 5 AFLP markers, 3 RAPD markers and 1 PGM isozyme marker. Total genetic contribution of these makers to heat tolerance was 46.7%. Five of the nine markers distributed in one linkage group,the remaining 4 markers were located in separate groups. Thus the 9 heat tolerance linked markers distributed in 5 independent locations in the genome of Chinese cabbage.     

Effect of mate selection on fuzzy selective mating criteria in closed dairy multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus programs

In order to control rates of response and inbreeding, mate selection using fuzzy selective mating criteria (FMC) was investigated in adult multiple ovulation and embryo transfer nucleus schemes for dairy cattle. Stochastic simulation was used to model the closed nucleus scheme. This mate selection was examined in four alternative mating and male selection schemes: (i) a hierarchical scheme; (ii) a hierarchical sibship scheme (two males per sibship); (iii) a factorial scheme (two sires per dam); and (iv) a factorial sibship scheme (two males per sibship and two sires per dam). Genetic response and inbreeding rate tended to be reduced by increasing the trade-off parameter of FMC between the expected breeding value and inbreeding of progeny. Inbreeding rates in all schemes were reduced by reducing the variance of family size through selection and the average coancestry of mating pairs through mate allocation.     

帽儿山地区21年生长白落叶松种源试验

对在黑龙江省的东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场21年生长白落叶松种源试验林进行方差分析。结果表明，种源间差异显著；生长性状，抗性与各种源间的经度，纬度，海拔高度及气候因子相关分析结果表明，海拔垂直梯度渐变为主，纬向渐变为辅的连续变异是长白落叶松生长性状的基本变异模式，降水量和日照时数是影响长白落叶松生长的主要气候因子，用长白落叶松各种源的相关性状作聚类分析并参照地理气象因子在，遗传距离0.370的水平上将长白落叶松分布范围区10个参试种源划为6个种源区：Ⅰ小北湖种源区。Ⅱ白刀山种源区，Ⅲ完达山种源区，Ⅳ白河种源区，Ⅴ大石头种源区，Ⅵ桓仁种源区；用Duncan法对种源间进行多重比较，并用综合指数法进行选择，表明小北湖种源是长白落叶松优良基因资源中心，是该试验点最佳种源，大海林种源也是可选择种源；从长白落叶松的低等效纬度地区向高等效纬度地区调种，可望获得较大的遗传增益。     

茄子早熟育种研究Ⅱ选择指数与早熟性选择

研究结果表明,由性状果实最大周长,果实体积,门茄显蕾期,单株产量等性状构成的选择指数较好;进一步进行遗传相关分析结果认为,应用选择指数时应注意果实体积这个性状,单株产量是一个重要的辅助性状,门茄显蕾期是一个限制性因子。应用选择指数对品种评价结果认为,早熟性较好的品种有:天津早茄、西安绿茄、二民、七叶茄、白线茄和汉中荷包。     

Correlated Responses in Two Traits when Selection is Practised on their Ratio

In many fields of application in plant breeding and crop science, ratios of two component traits X and Y are of interest (harvest index in cereals, leaf-to-stem ratio in forage legumes, height-to-diameter ratio in forest trees etc.). When selection is practised on the ratio X/Y of two traits X and Y, the experimenter may be interested in the resulting changes of both trait means. Based on improved approximations for the covariances between X and X/Y and between Y and X/Y and for the variance of X/Y the changes in the means of X and Y can be predicted by applying the regression approach from conventional selection theory. Explicit expressions for these correlated responses in X and Y when selection is practised on their ratio X/Y are derived and discussed. The different outcomes (decrease, zero change or increase) for the selection pressures on X and Y are characterized by phenotypic coefficients of variation of X and Y, phenotypic and genotypic correlations between X and Y and heritabilities of X and Y.     

楸树自然变异与良种选择

对楸树中７种与生长相关的变异因子进行了数量化分析，得出树高、胸径、单株立木材积的主要因子与生长的相关关系，并建立了线性回归方程。提出了良种这样及早期测定的形质性状标准。     

罐藏番茄新品种红杂18的选育

红杂１８是以红２１３为母本，黄苗试材９３７５为父本，配制成适宜罐藏加工和长途运销的番茄一代杂种。具有高抗ＴＭＶ、中抗ＣＭＶ、果实硬度高、抗裂、耐压、耐贮运、果实加工性状优良等特点。已在新疆、甘肃、宁夏、广西、云南等省区的加工番茄生产基地和远运外销生产基地推广６４９．８ｈｍ２。     

沙棘定向培育的试验研究

在内蒙古克什克腾旗对引进和选优的沙棘品种进行了13年的区域性试验，筛选出无刺、高V-C型、高氨基酸型、大果等10个有较高经济价值的沙棘优良类型，在筛选的基础上，结合生化测定，在不同立地条件下，定向栽培，推广面积达3000hm^2。     

Effect of various plant factors on the expression of creeping-rootedness in lucerne (Medicago sativa L. complex)

Although agronomically interesting, selection of creeping-rootedness inlucerne, that is, the ability to form adventitious shoots on horizontal,spreading roots, remains difficult because of the complex and still unclear geneticcontrol of this character, coupled with the possible occurrence of external factorsthat affect unpredictably its expression. Two experiments were undertaken onprogenies of creeping-rooted plants, to verify previous findings and inferences,and test novel hypotheses, concerning the effect of various plant factors on theexpression of creeping-rootedness. The ultimate aim was to provide information onthe most appropriate germplasm, procedures, or indirect selection criteria, that wouldimprove the efficiency of breeding for this character. The factors here examinedincluded genotype, age, kind of progeny, vigour, spreading ability, and undergroundmorphology. Some genotypes appeared to be good donors of the character, whereasothers did not. The proportion of creeping-rooted plants increased in allcases with the plant age. Selfing consistently depressed the expression ofthe character compared with clonal propagation or crossing. It is suggestedthat the effect of age and selfing on the penetrance of creeping-rootedness ismediated through their effect on plant vigour. Both aerial and root vigour showedindeed an effect per se on the presence of the character. Beside thevigour, possible indirect selection criteria were identified in the frequenciesof swollen zones and latent stem primordia on horizontal roots. Proportion ofcreeping-rooted plants in progenies after one year of growth appeared as a simple anduseful criterion to predict future trends. Consistent with previous conclusions, theresults provided evidence that a combination of family and individualselection may enhance the character expression.     

林用架空索道导向滑车“h_2”值的确定

本文从理论上和实践上第一次论证了林用架空索道导向滑车的滑轮选择系数“h_2”为14,从而为导向滑车的设计和制造提供了新的可靠依据。